Skip to main content

00240 guides available

Tax & accounting guides

Practical, up-to-date resources to help you navigate the Swiss tax, social security and accounting system.

ANNEX · A

Taxes & tax returns

07
01All tax return filing deadlines canton b

Cantonal tax deadlines: the complete calendar

Complete calendar of tax filing deadlines for all 26 Swiss cantons. Filing dates, extensions, cantonal software and penalties for late submission.

Read the guide
02Imputed rental value, maintenance deduct

Property owner taxation in Switzerland

Imputed rental value, maintenance deductions, mortgage interest and real estate capital gains tax: everything property owners in Switzerland need to know to optimize their tax burden.

Read the guide
03Everything you need to know about taxati

Real estate capital gains tax in Switzerland

How the real estate capital gains tax works in Switzerland. Calculation, cantonal differences, exemptions, legal optimisation strategies and practical example for property owners and investors.

Read the guide
04Understanding Switzerland's three-level

Federal, cantonal and municipal taxes: how the Swiss system works

How Switzerland's three-level tax system works. Federal direct tax, cantonal taxes and municipal surcharges explained with concrete calculation examples.

Read the guide
05A comprehensive guide to all deductions

Tax deductions: what you can deduct in Switzerland

Complete list of allowable tax deductions in Switzerland at federal and cantonal level. Professional expenses, pillar 3a, mortgage interest, medical expenses, children and more.

Read the guide
06Everything you need to know to correctly

Guide to Filing Your Tax Return in Switzerland

How to file your Swiss tax return step by step. Cantonal deadlines, allowable deductions, required documents and practical tips for residents, expats and new taxpayers.

Read the guide
07Who is subject, how it is calculated, wh

Withholding tax for foreign workers in Switzerland

Who is subject to withholding tax in Switzerland, how it is calculated, applicable barèmes and the procedure for correction (TOU). Complete guide for cross-border commuters, B/C/L permit holders and employers.

Read the guide
ANNEX · B

Pension & savings

08
01BU and NBU coverage, premium split betwe

Accident insurance (AIA/LAINF): employer obligations and accounting integration

Accident insurance (AIA/LAINF) in Switzerland: mandatory BU/NBU coverage, premium allocation, salary declaration, SUVA vs private insurers and accounting integration. Guide for SMEs and employers.

Read the guide
02Child deductions, joint spousal taxation

Family tax planning in Switzerland

How to optimise taxes for your family in Switzerland. Child deductions, spousal splitting, family allowances, pillar 3a and practical strategies for parents and families.

Read the guide
03How to deduct health insurance premiums

Mandatory health insurance (LAMal): tax impact

Tax deductibility of LAMal premiums, medical expenses in the tax return, individual premium reduction (IPR) and optimisation strategies. Practical guide with cantonal deduction table.

Read the guide
0414 weeks of maternity, 2 weeks of patern

Maternity, paternity and parental leave: rights, allowances and taxation

Maternity leave (14 weeks), paternity leave (2 weeks) and parental leave in Switzerland: duration, IPG allowance, taxation, tax planning for new parents and employer obligations.

Read the guide
05How voluntary buyback into the second pi

Pension fund buyback: tax benefits of the 2nd pillar

Everything about voluntary pension fund buyback in Switzerland: tax advantages, limits, timing, procedure and tips to optimise your tax return.

Read the guide
06How the tied third pillar works, how muc

Pillar 3a: Tax Savings and Retirement Planning in Switzerland

Everything about the Swiss pillar 3a: maximum deductible amounts, bank vs insurance comparison, splitting strategies, withdrawal rules and concrete tax savings. Updated guide 2026.

Read the guide
07Everything you need to know about Switze

The Swiss pension system: the 3 pillars explained

Complete guide to the Swiss three-pillar pension system: AHV/IV (1st pillar), BVG/occupational pension (2nd pillar) and private pension (3rd pillar). Amounts, obligations, rights and key figures 2026.

Read the guide
08Requirements to receive benefits, amount

Unemployment insurance (ALV) in Switzerland

Requirements, amount and duration of unemployment benefits in Switzerland. Job search obligations, tax impact and frequently asked questions about Swiss unemployment insurance.

Read the guide
ANNEX · C

Companies, LLC & SA

144
01Active and passive cycle, automatic sche

Accounts receivable & payable: how to cut collection times by 50%

How to manage accounts receivable and payable in Swiss SMEs: active and passive cycle, automatic scheduler, aging analysis, integrated reminders and supplier batch payments. Practical guide with CHF figures.

Read the guide
02How to manage advances received and paid

Advance payments and prepayments: invoicing, VAT and accounting for projects and jobs

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs on advances and prepayments in projects and jobs: correct invoicing, VAT treatment, accounting entries and deadlines.

Read the guide
03Deadlines, accounting obligations, balan

Annual closing for GmbH & AG: the checklist for a flawless, fast balance sheet

Complete checklist for annual closing of Swiss GmbH and AG: deadlines, annual balance sheet, notes, general assembly and commercial register filing. Practical guide with CO art. 957-963 references.

Read the guide
04How to estimate the true cost of dual vo

Apprentices in the workplace: full cost, training obligations and economic return for SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs: calculate the full cost of an apprentice, meet LFPr training obligations, and assess economic return in accounting.

Read the guide
053-level dunning system, Swiss legal time

Automating payment reminders: fewer bad debts, better cash flow

How to automate payment reminders for Swiss SMEs: 3-level dunning system, CO legal timelines, escalation procedures, cash flow impact. Practical guide for CFOs and finance teams.

Read the guide
06Employer obligations, AHV/IV/EO contribu

Automated payroll management: how to eliminate errors in AHV and BVG calculations

How to automate payroll management in Switzerland and eliminate errors in AHV and BVG calculations. Social contributions, employer obligations, payroll software and compliance. Practical guide for SMEs, HR and employers.

Read the guide
07Methods, formulas and concrete examples

B2B customer acquisition cost: calculating CAC, payback and margin impact in a Swiss SME

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to calculate B2B customer acquisition cost (CAC), payback period, and impact on operating and accounting margins.

Read the guide
08From the first due date to debt enforcem

B2B debt recovery in Switzerland: timelines, enforcement procedure and accounting impact

Practical guide to B2B debt recovery in Switzerland: reminders, debt enforcement (betreibung), SchKG timelines, costs and accounting entries in Accountex.

Read the guide
09When they accrue, how to calculate them

Default interest on B2B invoices: statutory calculation, invoicing and accounting impact in Switzerland

Guide to default interest on B2B invoices in Switzerland: 5% statutory rate, calculation, invoicing without VAT, reminders and accounting for SMEs.

Read the guide
10An operational guide for business owners

Uncollectible receivables for SMEs: when to write off, how to document, and how to reduce the tax impact

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs on when to write off uncollectible receivables, how to document them correctly, and what accounting and tax effects (profit, VAT) to consider.

Read the guide
11Covenants are not clauses to file away i

Banking covenants for SMEs: how to monitor ratios and anticipate a contractual default

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to read banking covenants, calculate financial ratios, monitor them monthly, and anticipate a contractual default before it becomes a problem.

Read the guide
12Public tenders, commercial leases, VAT g

Bank guarantees and security deposits for SMEs: accounting, hidden costs and impact on liquidity

How to account for bank guarantees and security deposits in a Swiss SME: hidden costs, impact on liquidity, and best management practices.

Read the guide
13With the LTPG entering into force on 1 O

Ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) register: compliance for GmbH and AG, deadlines and directors' liability

Practical guide to the ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) register for GmbH and AG companies in Switzerland: LTPG obligations, transitional deadlines, directors' liability, and the EasyGov procedure.

Read the guide
14An essential operational metric for prof

Billable Utilization Rate for Service SMEs: Measuring Productivity, Margins, and Team Capacity

How to calculate and interpret billable utilization rate in Swiss service SMEs: team productivity, operating margins, and capacity planning.

Read the guide
15How to determine the revenue level neede

Break-even point for SMEs: calculating the minimum revenue to cover fixed costs

Practical guide to calculating the break-even point for Swiss SMEs: fixed and variable costs, contribution margin, CHF examples, and how to use it for business decisions.

Read the guide
16How to protect invoicing, accounting and

Business continuity plan for SMEs: IT crises, critical absences and emergency procedures in Switzerland

Practical guide to business continuity planning for SMEs in Switzerland: IT crises, owner absences, accounting backups, emergency procedures and FADP compliance.

Read the guide
17Practical guide for entrepreneurs and fi

Corporate creditworthiness: what banks and suppliers assess and how to improve your ZEK profile

What banks and suppliers assess for the creditworthiness of Swiss SMEs. How the ZEK profile works and which concrete actions improve financial reputation.

Read the guide
18How to distinguish representation, staff

Representation Expenses and Business Meals: Tax Limits, Documentation and Accounting in Switzerland

Tax limits, 50% VAT, documentation and accounting for business meals and representation expenses in Switzerland. Practical guide for SMEs and self-employed professionals.

Read the guide
19How to protect operating margin and cash

Business Interruption Insurance for SMEs: Coverage, Exclusions, and Impact on Liquidity

Guide to business interruption insurance for SMEs in Switzerland: coverage, exclusions, compensation calculation, and impact on business liquidity.

Read the guide
20From calculating profit tax to intercant

Transferring a company headquarters to another canton: tax impact, VAT, and accounting transition for SMEs

Practical guide to transferring a company's registered office between Swiss cantons: impact on profit tax, VAT, profit allocation, Commercial Register requirements, and accounting transition for SMEs.

Read the guide
21From investment request to depreciation

CapEx investment approval in SMEs: workflow, ROI and liquidity control

Practical guide for SMEs in Switzerland: how to structure CapEx investment approval, calculate ROI, comply with FER accounting standards, and protect liquidity.

Read the guide
22From the shareholders' meeting resolutio

Capital increase and new shareholder entry: financial and accounting guide for GmbH and AG

Legal procedure, accounting entries, and tax impact of a capital increase and the entry of a new shareholder in a GmbH or AG in Switzerland. Practical guide for SMEs.

Read the guide
23The CCC measures how many days it takes

Cash conversion cycle for SMEs: the metric that anticipates liquidity crises

Learn how to calculate and monitor the cash conversion cycle (CCC) in your Swiss SME. Formula, benchmarks, warning signs, and practical actions to anticipate liquidity crises.

Read the guide
24How Swiss SMEs can handle client add-on

Change orders in B2B projects: out-of-scope extras, invoicing and margin protection

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to manage change orders in B2B projects, document out-of-scope extras, invoice correctly and protect margins with orderly accounting.

Read the guide
25Expenses advanced on behalf of the clien

Recharging costs to clients: how to invoice pass-through expenses, travel and materials without VAT errors

Practical guide to recharging pass-through expenses, travel and materials to clients in Switzerland: VAT treatment, documentation, accounting and common mistakes to avoid.

Read the guide
26How to distinguish the two sales models,

Commercial agent or distributor: contractual differences, commissions and compliant accounting for Swiss SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs on commercial agents and distributors: contractual differences, commission calculation, VAT, social security and compliant accounting under the CO, VAT Act and Swiss accounting standards.

Read the guide
27From monthly rent to indexation clauses:

Commercial rent and lease expenses: what to include in your accounts and how to negotiate clauses that impact the bottom line

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to record rent, ancillary expenses, deposits and lease investments in the balance sheet, and which contractual clauses to negotiate to protect your financials.

Read the guide
28How to determine the benefit in kind, in

Company car and benefit in kind: calculating taxable value and impact on personnel costs

Guide to calculating the taxable value of a company car in Switzerland: the 0.9% method, impact on OASI/occupational pension, accounting treatment, and personnel costs for SMEs.

Read the guide
29How to distinguish ownership from physic

Consignment stock: accounting for consignment inventory without distorting inventory and margins

Practical guide to accounting for consignment stock in Switzerland: consignment inventory, transfer of ownership, VAT, and entries without distorting inventory and margins.

Read the guide
30Clauses, indices and practical calculati

Price indexation in B2B contracts: protecting margins from inflation and energy price increases

How to draft indexation clauses in B2B contracts in Switzerland: indices, calculations, energy, inflation and impact on invoicing and accounting for SMEs.

Read the guide
31How Swiss SMEs handle Rückbehalte in ser

Contractual retentions in B2B projects: managing blocked cash, deadlines and compliant accounting

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: managing contractual retentions in B2B projects, planning liquidity, meeting release deadlines and recording transactions correctly.

Read the guide
32From setting credit limits to monthly ca

Corporate credit cards: spending limits, expense reconciliation and compliant accounting for Swiss SMEs

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: set limits on corporate cards, reconcile expenses with card statements, and record transactions in compliance with the Code of Obligations, VAT and accounting standards.

Read the guide
33How to structure travel, entertainment a

Business expense policy for SMEs: setting rules, limits and controls without slowing down the team

Practical guide to defining an effective business expense policy for Swiss SMEs: eligible categories, tax limits, approval workflows and controls without bureaucracy.

Read the guide
34How to distinguish sponsorship from dona

Corporate sponsorships and donations: tax limits, documentation and accounting

Deductibility limits, documentation and accounting for corporate sponsorships and donations in Switzerland. Practical guide for SMEs and self-employed professionals.

Read the guide
35How to correctly account for hot desks,

Coworking and shared spaces: cost allocation, tax deductions, and managing flexible contracts

Guide for Swiss SMEs on allocating coworking costs, accounting for rent and services, tax deductibility, and managing flexible contracts.

Read the guide
36Incorrect handling of reversals and retu

Credit notes and customer returns: how to record them without distorting VAT, margins, and sales statistics

How to record credit notes and customer returns in Switzerland without distorting VAT, margins, and sales statistics. LTVA rules, journal entries, and best practices.

Read the guide
37A practical framework for managing insol

B2B Credit Policy for SMEs: Limits, Guarantees and Sales Terms Without Slowing Sales

How to define an effective B2B credit policy for SMEs in Switzerland: exposure limits, guarantees, payment terms and dunning without slowing sales.

Read the guide
38Dependence on one or a few key clients i

When one customer accounts for 60% of revenue: risks and solutions for Swiss SMEs

When a single customer accounts for 60% of revenue, your Swiss SME faces concrete financial risks. Learn how to measure, prevent, and manage dependence on a few clients.

Read the guide
39Revenue alone is not enough: discover wh

B2B cost-to-serve per customer: calculating true profitability beyond revenue

Practical guide to B2B cost-to-serve: how to allocate direct and indirect costs, calculate net margin per customer, and improve pricing and portfolio management in Swiss SMEs.

Read the guide
40How to structure loyalty cards, discount

Customer loyalty programmes in SMEs: points, vouchers and VAT-compliant accounting

Practical guide to accounting for loyalty programmes, points and vouchers in Swiss SMEs: VAT treatment, revenue recognition, liabilities and correct journal entries.

Read the guide
41Practical guide for Swiss SMEs and distr

Customer rebates and volume discounts: recording outbound incentives without eroding VAT and B2B margins

How to record rebates, volume discounts and B2B incentives in Swiss accounting without distorting VAT and margins. Practical examples for SMEs.

Read the guide
42How to address over-indebtedness early:

Debt restructuring for Swiss SMEs: renegotiating liabilities, balance sheet impact and liquidity crisis signals

Practical guide to debt restructuring for SMEs in Switzerland: liability renegotiation, balance sheet accounting impact, liquidity crisis signals and CO obligations.

Read the guide
43Mobile receipt scanning, automatic categ

Digital expense management: eliminating receipts and Excel spreadsheets

How to eliminate paper receipts and spreadsheets from corporate expense reporting. Mobile scanning, automatic categorisation, approval workflows and VAT compliance for Swiss SMEs.

Read the guide
44How to activate domiciliation, manage ma

LSV direct debit and customer domiciliation: automate recurring collections and integrate them into accounting without errors

Practical guide to LSV+ and CH-DD direct debit in Switzerland: mandates, bank activation, accounting reconciliation, and automation of recurring collections for SMEs.

Read the guide
45How to define clear rules, account corre

Home office expenses for employees: reimbursements, company policy and tax deductibility in Switzerland

Guide for Swiss SMEs on home office reimbursements, internal policies, accounting and tax deductibility for employees. Templates, accounting and best practices.

Read the guide
46How to distinguish advances from loans,

Salary advances and employee loans: accounting, recovery and impact on labour costs

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to record salary advances and loans to employees, recover them through payroll, and assess the impact on labour costs and social contributions.

Read the guide
47Options, restricted shares, and virtual

Employee equity participation plans: accounting, taxation, and setup for GmbHs and startups

How to structure, account for, and tax employee equity participation plans in Swiss GmbHs and startups. Options, restricted shares, virtual shares, and OASI/BVG obligations.

Read the guide
48An employee leaving the company costs mo

Employee turnover costs in SMEs: calculating hidden expenses, recruitment, and impact on productivity and margins

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: calculate hidden turnover costs, recruitment, lost productivity, and impact on margins with numerical examples and accounting tools.

Read the guide
49From CRA/TSA on packaging and electrical

Environmental levies and recycling fees for Swiss SMEs: accounting, deadlines and hidden costs

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs on recycling fees, environmental levies, GAAP/FER accounting, deadlines and hidden costs not to underestimate.

Read the guide
50Customs procedures, tax requirements and

Exporting goods and services from Switzerland: from the customs declaration to VAT-compliant accounting

Practical guide to exporting goods and services from Switzerland: customs declarations, VAT exemption, mandatory documents and error-free accounting entries.

Read the guide
51Spouse, children or relatives on payroll

Hiring family members in a company: remuneration, social security and tax deductibility for Swiss SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs on hiring spouses, children and relatives: employment contract, market salary, OASI, occupational pension and tax deductibility under federal law.

Read the guide
52Learn how to compare margins, liquidity,

Financial benchmarking for SMEs: reading your numbers against Swiss industry averages

Practical guide to financial benchmarking for Swiss SMEs: key KPIs, industry data sources, correct interpretation, and concrete actions to improve margins, liquidity, and profitability.

Read the guide
53Certified balance sheet, budget forecast

Bank-ready documents: how to prepare a financial dossier for credit

How to prepare a financial dossier for Swiss bank credit: certified balance sheet, budget forecast, cash flow projections, banking ratios and automated reports. Practical guide for SMEs, entrepreneurs and CFOs.

Read the guide
54When it makes sense to move the accounti

Changing the financial year-end date: legal requirements, VAT impact, and accounting transition for SMEs

Legal requirements, VAT impact, and accounting transition when changing the financial year-end date in a Swiss SME. Procedure, deadlines, and best practices.

Read the guide
55How to structure referral agreements bet

Finder's fees and B2B referral commissions: contracts, invoicing and compliant accounting for Swiss SMEs

Contracts, VAT invoicing, withholding tax and accounting for B2B referral commissions for SMEs in Switzerland. Practical guide with accounting examples.

Read the guide
56From balance sheet recording to cost all

Fixed assets and depreciation for SMEs: how to account for machinery, equipment and investments

How to account for machinery, equipment and investments in Switzerland: capitalization criteria, depreciation, tax treatment and best practices for SMEs.

Read the guide
57A practical guide for Swiss entrepreneur

Fractional CFO for SMEs: when it pays off, costs, and integration with accounting and fiduciary services

When does a fractional CFO make sense for your Swiss SME? Indicative costs, responsibilities, differences from a fiduciary, and integration with digital accounting.

Read the guide
58How to correctly record payments to the

Franchise Accounting in Switzerland: Royalties, Entry Fees and Franchisor Reports

Practical guide to franchise accounting in Switzerland: entry fee, royalties, VAT, tax treatment and reporting obligations to the franchisor.

Read the guide
59Accounting, social security, and tax com

External collaborators or employees?

Comparison between external collaborators and employees for Swiss SMEs: legal classification, accounting, AVS/OASI/Pillar 2 contributions, withholding tax, and sham self-employment risks.

Read the guide
60How to record the issuance, redemption a

Gift vouchers and prepaid vouchers: accounting, VAT and breakage revenue for Swiss SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs on accounting for gift vouchers and prepaid vouchers: single- and multi-purpose VAT, deferred revenue, breakage and accounting entries with Accountex.

Read the guide
61From grant application to year-end closi

Subsidies and Public Contributions: How to Account for Cantonal and Federal Grants Without Tax Errors

Practical guide for SMEs and fiduciary firms: how to record cantonal and federal grants, VAT and income tax treatment, Swiss GAAP FER 28 and documentation.

Read the guide
62A structured simulation of labour costs

Before you hire: simulate the full cost of an employee on margins, OASI and liquidity

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: calculate the true cost of an employee across OASI, occupational pension, margins and liquidity before you hire. Numerical examples and a 2026 checklist.

Read the guide
63Hypergrowth often drains cash before it

Rapid growth without a cash crisis: managing liquidity, staff, and suppliers when revenue doubles in a year

Revenue doubles but cash runs dry? Strategies for Swiss SMEs: liquidity, hiring, suppliers, cash forecasts, and working capital management.

Read the guide
64Recognition criteria, valuation methods

Patents, Trademarks and Know-How on the Balance Sheet: How to Value and Amortise Intangible Assets in a Sagl

Practical guide to accounting for patents, trademarks and know-how in a Swiss Sagl: FER criteria, valuation, amortisation and tax impact for SMEs.

Read the guide
65How to correctly structure intra-group m

Management fees between holding and operating company: calculation, documentation, and tax deductibility for Swiss SME groups

Practical guide to management fees between holding and operating companies in Switzerland: calculation methods, documentation, VAT, and tax deductibility for SME groups.

Read the guide
66A practical framework to protect liquidi

Financial internal controls for SMEs: preventing errors and fraud without bureaucracy

How to prevent errors and fraud in Swiss SMEs with lean internal controls: segregation of duties, approvals, audit review, and digital tools.

Read the guide
67Physical variances, operational shrinkag

Theft, shrinkage and inventory variances: recording warehouse losses without distorting margins and VAT in a Swiss SME

How to record theft, shrinkage and inventory variances in a Swiss SME without distorting margins and VAT. CO rules, tax treatment and operational procedures.

Read the guide
68Turn trade receivables into operating li

Factoring in Switzerland: unlock invoices without taking on debt

How factoring helps Swiss SMEs turn trade receivables into immediate liquidity: types, accounting, tax treatment, and selection criteria.

Read the guide
69How to structure a collaboration agreeme

Joint ventures between SMEs in Switzerland: profit allocation, governance and compliant accounting

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs on joint ventures: legal forms, profit allocation, governance, FER accounting and tax aspects.

Read the guide
70A practical framework for comparing real

Make or buy in SMEs: when to produce in-house or outsource without eroding margins

How to evaluate whether to produce in-house or outsource in a Swiss SME: full cost analysis, risks, decision criteria, and impact on operating margins.

Read the guide
71The annual accounts fulfil legal obligat

Management reports for shareholders and the board in a Sagl: what to present beyond the annual accounts

Practical guide to management reports for shareholders and the board in a Sagl: KPIs, cash flows, budgets, and periodic reporting beyond the mandatory annual accounts.

Read the guide
72How to structure a lean monthly closing

Monthly management accounting: close the numbers in a few days for faster decisions

Practical guide to monthly management accounting for Swiss SMEs: closing calendar, essential reports, KPIs, and automation with Accountex for faster decisions.

Read the guide
73Foreign currency bookings, exchange rate

Multi-currency accounting for SMEs with international clients

How to manage multi-currency accounting for Swiss SMEs: foreign currency bookings, exchange rate management, realised/unrealised exchange differences, year-end valuation (CO art. 960) and VAT on foreign invoices. Complete practical guide.

Read the guide
74How to structure accounting when your bu

Multi-location accounting for SMEs: managing branches, VAT and consolidated reporting in Switzerland

Practical guide to multi-location accounting for Swiss SMEs: branches and subsidiaries, cost centres, VAT management across cantons, consolidation and management reporting.

Read the guide
75How to identify at-risk inventory, recor

Obsolete and unsold inventory: write-downs, documentation, and tax impact for Swiss SMEs

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs on write-downs of obsolete and unsold inventory: CO/FER accounting criteria, documentation, tax deductibility, and VAT adjustments.

Read the guide
76An objective comparison between online a

Online accounting vs traditional fiduciary: a cost and benefit guide for SMEs

Complete comparison of online accounting vs traditional fiduciary services in Switzerland: real costs in CHF, advantages, disadvantages and hybrid model. Practical guide for SMEs, entrepreneurs and startups.

Read the guide
77How to classify a leasing contract, reco

Operating vs financial leasing for SMEs: accounting, tax and liquidity impact

Comparison of operating and financial leasing for SMEs in Switzerland: Swiss GAAP FER accounting treatment, tax deductibility, VAT and impact on business liquidity.

Read the guide
78How to structure the exit of a manager-s

Exit of a managing partner from a GmbH: share valuation, liquidity and management transition

Practical guide to the exit of a managing partner from a Swiss GmbH: share valuation, buy-out financing, liquidity, tax and management transition without disrupting operations.

Read the guide
79A well-managed liquidity cushion protect

Operational reserve fund for SMEs: how much to set aside, where to invest it, and when to use it

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: sizing the operational reserve fund, placing it safely, and setting clear rules on when to use it without compromising liquidity.

Read the guide
80How to measure the foreign-exchange expo

Operational foreign exchange risk for SMEs: protecting margins on foreign-currency purchases and sales

Practical guide to operational foreign exchange risk for SMEs in Switzerland: how to identify exposure on foreign-currency purchases and sales, assess the impact on margins, and choose appropriate hedging instruments.

Read the guide
81How to recognize over-indebtedness, when

Over-indebtedness in GmbH and AG: notification obligation (Art. 725b CO) and the role of accounting

Practical guide to the obligation to notify the court in cases of over-indebtedness (Art. 725b CO) for GmbH and AG: criteria, accounting, liability, and corrective actions.

Read the guide
82Rent, administration, IT and other share

Indirect cost allocation for SMEs: calculate the full cost of products and services without distorting prices

How to calculate the full cost of products and services by allocating indirect costs without distorting prices. Methods, examples and best practices for SMEs in Switzerland.

Read the guide
83For managing partners of Swiss GmbHs: co

Owner compensation in a GmbH: salary, dividends and benefits — how to optimize costs and taxation

Guide for managing partners of Swiss GmbHs: how to combine salary, dividends and benefits to optimize company costs, social security and taxation in compliance with regulations.

Read the guide
84A practical guide for entrepreneurs and

Cash discounts and late payment penalties: optimising commercial terms without penalising cash flow

How to define cash discounts and late payment penalties in payment terms: Swiss CO legal framework, VAT treatment, accounting, and impact on cash flow for Swiss SMEs.

Read the guide
85How to correctly account for variable co

B2B Success Fee Contracts: Revenue Recognition, Margins and Accounting Risks in Switzerland

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: revenue recognition, VAT and margin control in B2B success fee contracts, with accounting examples and an operational checklist.

Read the guide
86How to manage petty cash and expense adv

Petty cash and expense advances: accounting, tax limits, and anti-fraud controls for SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs on petty cash and expense advances: accounting entries, tax limits, VAT, reconciliation, and anti-fraud controls under Swiss rules.

Read the guide
87Operational procedures, accounting entri

Cash closing and POS reconciliation: eliminating discrepancies and integrating daily receipts into accounting

Practical guide to daily cash closing, POS reconciliation, and accounting integration of receipts for shops, restaurants, and SMEs in Switzerland.

Read the guide
88Operational checklist for buyers and sel

Pre-acquisition financial due diligence for Swiss SMEs: what to verify before signing

Practical guide to financial due diligence before acquiring an SME in Switzerland: financial statements, quality of earnings, working capital, tax, and contractual clauses.

Read the guide
89How to estimate, record, and monitor war

Product warranties and after-sales costs: provisions, liabilities, and impact on margins for Swiss SMEs

Guide for Swiss SMEs on legal and contractual warranties, provisions for after-sales costs, balance sheet liabilities, and impact on margins under the CO and Swiss accounting standards.

Read the guide
90How to choose the right policy, interpre

Professional liability insurance for service SMEs: coverage, deductibles and accounting impact in Switzerland

Guide to professional liability insurance for service SMEs in Switzerland: coverage, deductibles, limits and accounting treatment under Swiss standards.

Read the guide
91Accounting guide for entrepreneurs who w

Profit Allocation in a GmbH: Dividends, Reserves and Reinvestments

Accounting guide for Swiss entrepreneurs: how to allocate profits in a GmbH, build legal reserves, distribute dividends and reinvest in compliance with the CO, FER and cantonal tax rules.

Read the guide
92When you only collect payment on partial

Project costing: calculating real margins when you bill by milestone

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to calculate real project margins when billing by milestone, with direct costs, WIP, and reporting under Swiss GAAP FER.

Read the guide
93Accounting criteria, tax deductibility,

Provisions and Contingent Liabilities for SMEs: When to Provision Without Tax Errors

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: when to create provisions, how to treat contingent liabilities, and what mistakes to avoid for accounting and tax compliance.

Read the guide
94How to correctly manage electronic invoi

Public procurement and B2G invoicing: accounting requirements, advance payments, and penalties for Confederation suppliers

Guide for SME suppliers: B2G electronic invoicing, advance payments, contractual penalties, and accounting for Swiss federal contracts.

Read the guide
95How to structure orders, receipts, and i

Purchase orders and three-way matching: avoid duplicate payments and supplier errors in Swiss SMEs

Practical guide to three-way matching (order, delivery, invoice) for SMEs in Switzerland: avoid duplicate payments, supplier errors, and ensure correct input tax deduction.

Read the guide
96A structured method to identify, assess,

Recurring cost audit: cut forgotten software, subscriptions, and services eroding margins

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to map, review, and reduce forgotten software, subscriptions, and recurring services that erode margins, with accounting and tax criteria.

Read the guide
97How to protect trade credit with Eigentu

Retention of Title in B2B Sales: Clauses, Recovery of Goods, and Impact on Inventory and Receivables in Switzerland

Practical guide to retention of title in Swiss B2B sales: CC Art. 715, registration in the register, recovery of goods, customer insolvency, and impact on inventory and receivables.

Read the guide
98A structured method to discover how much

Hidden revenue losses: contract audit, billing and unbilled services in service SMEs

How to identify unbilled services, billing errors and contractual gaps in Swiss service SMEs. A practical guide to revenue leakage audits.

Read the guide
99Extending supplier payments without erod

Reverse factoring and supply chain finance

Practical guide to reverse factoring and supply chain finance for SMEs in Switzerland: how to extend supplier payment terms, accounting impacts, and commercial relationships.

Read the guide
100Update cash flow and margins every quart

Rolling budget and dynamic forecasting for SMEs

Practical guide to rolling forecasts for SMEs in Switzerland: update cash flow, margins, and liquidity every quarter without rebuilding the annual budget from scratch.

Read the guide
101Detailed comparison between limited liab

LLC vs Corporation: which legal form to choose in Switzerland

Complete comparison between LLC (GmbH/Sagl) and Corporation (AG/SA) in Switzerland: minimum capital, liability, governance, taxation and incorporation costs. Guide for entrepreneurs, startups and consultants.

Read the guide
102Revenue by channel isn't enough to under

Sales channel profitability for SMEs: comparing e-commerce, resellers and direct sales beyond revenue

Compare e-commerce, resellers and direct sales beyond revenue: margins, hidden costs, VAT and cash flow to decide where to invest in Switzerland.

Read the guide
103From designing the incentive plan to clo

Sales Team Commissions and Variable Compensation: Calculation, Accounting, and Impact on Margins

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to calculate, account for, and monitor sales team commissions and variable compensation, with impact on margins and tax compliance.

Read the guide
104Hotels, hospitality, tourism, agricultur

Seasonal businesses in Switzerland: planning cash, staff and VAT during slow months

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs with seasonal peaks: cash budget, flexible staffing, VAT deadlines and tools to get through slow months without financial stress.

Read the guide
105How to structure, document and correctly

Shareholder loans in a GmbH: documentation, safe-haven rates and compliant accounting

Practical guide to shareholder loans in a Swiss GmbH: contract, resolutions, 2026 FTA safe-haven rates, Swiss GAAP FER accounting and tax risks from hidden profit distributions.

Read the guide
106A practical method to measure contributi

Product and SKU Profitability: Identifying Items That Erode Margins in a Swiss SME

How to analyze SKU profitability in a Swiss SME: margin calculations, cost allocation, warning signs, and corrective actions to protect operating profit.

Read the guide
107IT, SaaS and recurring service contracts

SLA Penalties and B2B Service Credits: Managing Contractual Discounts, Revenue and Margins Without Accounting Errors

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to manage SLA penalties, service credits and B2B contractual discounts without errors on revenue, VAT and margins.

Read the guide
108Everything a Swiss business needs to kno

Accounting obligations for SMEs in Switzerland

What the Swiss Code of Obligations requires in terms of bookkeeping for SMEs. Balance sheet, income statement, document retention, accounting principles and penalties.

Read the guide
109Annual budget structure, cost centres, v

SME business budget: how to plan and control expenses

How to build an effective annual budget for your Swiss SME: budget structure, cost centres, variance monitoring, quarterly reviews and automated budget vs actual comparison. Practical guide for entrepreneurs and CFOs.

Read the guide
110How to estimate your company's true valu

Valuing Your SME in Switzerland: Methods, Multiples and Tax Implications on Share Sales or New Partners

Practical guide to valuing Swiss SMEs: asset-based and earnings methods, sector multiples, required documentation, and tax implications when selling shares or bringing in new partners.

Read the guide
111Cash conversion cycle, 30/60/90-day fore

Cash flow for Swiss SMEs: how to never run out of liquidity

Cash flow management for Swiss SMEs: cash conversion cycle, 30/60/90-day forecasting, warning signs of liquidity problems, optimisation strategies and monitoring tools. Practical guide for entrepreneurs and CFOs.

Read the guide
112From digital risk assessment to the acco

Cyber insurance for SMEs: coverage, claims management and accounting for IT costs in Switzerland

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: what cyber insurance covers, how to manage a cyber incident, and how to account for premiums, deductibles and IT costs under Swiss GAAP FER.

Read the guide
113Legal requirements, professional creatio

Electronic invoicing for Swiss SMEs: from creation to payment in half the time

How to create, send and manage electronic invoices in Switzerland. Legal requirements, QR-bill, payment terms and automation for SMEs and freelancers.

Read the guide
114How to forecast, monitor and account for

Energy and utilities costs for Swiss SMEs: annual budget, tariff peaks and impact on operating margins

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: plan your annual energy and utilities budget, manage HT/NT tariff peaks, and measure the impact on operating margins in accounting.

Read the guide
115How to structure a credible ESG report f

ESG Reporting for SMEs: Essential Metrics, Bank Requirements and Integration into Corporate Reporting

Practical guide to ESG reporting for Swiss SMEs: essential metrics, bank requirements, regulatory framework, and integration into accounting and financial statements.

Read the guide
116A structured method to simulate the impa

Scenario financial planning: preparing your SME for crises, recessions and unforeseen events

How to build financial scenarios (base, optimistic, pessimistic) to prepare Swiss SMEs for crises, recessions and unforeseen events. A practical method covering liquidity, costs and operational levers.

Read the guide
117When the business revolves around a sing

Owner dependency in Swiss SMEs: operational continuity, delegation, and financial risk

How to reduce owner dependency in a Swiss SME: operational continuity, effective delegation, financial risk, insurance, and accounting impact.

Read the guide
118From choosing the structure to closing t

Mergers and splits among SMEs in Switzerland: accounting and tax guide to restructure your company without surprises

Practical guide to mergers and splits among SMEs in Switzerland: Merger Act procedure, accounting entries, profit tax, stamp duty, and a checklist for restructuring without surprises.

Read the guide
119A practical guide for business owners an

Multi-bank treasury management for SMEs: avoid overdrafts, duplicates, and hidden fees

How to coordinate multiple bank accounts in Switzerland: avoid overdrafts, duplicate payments, and hidden fees with processes, reconciliation, and digital tools.

Read the guide
120A practical guide for Swiss entrepreneur

Financial KPIs for entrepreneurs: monitor business health without becoming an accountant

Discover the essential financial KPIs to monitor your SME's health in Switzerland: liquidity, margins, cash and growth — without becoming an accountant.

Read the guide
121A correct price is not derived from mate

Pricing strategy for SMEs: calculating real margins including social costs, VAT and Swiss overhead

Practical guide to calculating real prices and margins in Switzerland: personnel costs, social contributions, VAT, overhead and pricing methods for SMEs.

Read the guide
122Swiss chart of accounts, first bookings,

First year of accounting: practical guide for startups and new LLCs

How to set up accounting in the first year of a startup or new GmbH/Sàrl in Switzerland. Chart of accounts, VAT, business bank account, common mistakes and when to hire a fiduciary.

Read the guide
123You raised CHF 500,000 and think it last

Financial self-destruction manual for startups: how to run out of liquidity in the first 6 months in Switzerland

Witty Swiss startup guide: 14 mistakes that burn cash in the first 6 months — hiring, office, VAT, invoicing. With survival countermeasures.

Read the guide
124How to structure compliant subcontracts,

Subcontracting Management in SMEs: Verifying Insurance, Billing, and Construction Site Cost Control in Switzerland

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: verify subcontractor insurance, manage compliant billing, and control construction site costs in accordance with LAA, CO, LDist, and SIA regulations.

Read the guide
125Relying on a few critical suppliers expo

When a single supplier shuts down your business: managing supplier concentration risk in SMEs

How to identify, measure, and reduce the risk of dependence on a single supplier in Swiss SMEs. Accounting indicators, contractual clauses, and a practical action plan.

Read the guide
126Practical strategies for SMEs and trust

Supplier payment terms: how to extend working capital without risk

How to negotiate longer payment terms with suppliers in Switzerland, improve working capital, and manage liquidity without compromising business relationships or accounting compliance.

Read the guide
127How to distinguish immediate discounts f

Supplier discounts and rebates: recording commercial incentives in accounting and margin reports

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: difference between invoice discounts and rebates, accounting entries, VAT, accruals, and impact on margin reports in Accountex.

Read the guide
128Complete sequence for founders and start

Guide to business digitalisation in Switzerland: from online incorporation to your first VAT return

Step-by-step guide to business digitalisation in Switzerland: online GmbH formation, commercial register, banking, cloud accounting, QR invoicing and your first FTA VAT return.

Read the guide
129Current rates, registration thresholds,

Value Added Tax (VAT) in Switzerland

Everything about value added tax (VAT) in Switzerland: current 2024–2026 rates, registration thresholds, FTA obligations, effective vs. flat-rate method and FAQ.

Read the guide
130Contractual clauses that bind minimum vo

Contracts with minimum purchase commitments and take-or-pay: managing fixed obligations, provisions, and liquidity in B2B SMEs

How to manage contracts with minimum purchase commitments and take-or-pay clauses in Switzerland: valuation, provisions, impact on liquidity, financial statements, and taxation for B2B SMEs.

Read the guide
131Hourly rates, ancillary charges, equal p

Temporary work and staffing agencies: calculating true cost and impact on margins for Swiss SMEs

How to calculate the actual cost of temporary work through staffing agencies in Switzerland: hourly rate, social charges, CLA-P and impact on project margins.

Read the guide
132How to provision, account for, and tax t

13th salary and company bonuses: accruals, tax timing, and accounting in Switzerland

Practical guide to the 13th salary and bonuses in Switzerland: monthly accruals, tax timing, social contributions, and accounting under Swiss standards.

Read the guide
133How to evaluate, activate, and integrate

Trade credit insurance for SMEs: cover B2B customer insolvency without slowing sales

Guide to trade credit insurance for Swiss SMEs: cover B2B customer insolvency, manage credit limits, and protect liquidity without limiting sales.

Read the guide
134From expense recording to ROI measuremen

Trade fairs and marketing events for SMEs: tracking costs, leads and return on investment in accounting

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: how to record trade fair costs, track leads and calculate the return on marketing events in accounting.

Read the guide
135How to reimburse business trips and per

Travel expenses and per diems in Switzerland: reimbursements, tax limits and accounting

Practical guide to travel expenses and per diems in Switzerland: 2026 FTA limits, Spesenreglement, mileage reimbursements, accounting and management with Accountex.

Read the guide
136From IT consultancies to creative agenci

Unbilled Hours and Lost Revenue: How Service SMEs Recover Margin Without Raising Prices

How to measure unbilled hours and lost revenue in Swiss service SMEs. Practical strategies to recover margin without raising prices, with KPIs and VAT compliance.

Read the guide
137Assets, liabilities, income statement an

How to read your SME's balance sheet: a practical guide for non-accountant entrepreneurs

Practical guide for non-accountant entrepreneurs: how to read balance sheets, income statements, key financial ratios and warning signs. Swiss CO format, formulas and healthy ranges. With dashboards to understand everything at a glance.

Read the guide
138The Saldosteuersatz simplifies filing bu

Effective method or flat-rate VAT? Guide by economic sector

Guide to choosing between effective VAT reporting and the Swiss flat-rate (Saldosteuersatz) method by economic sector, with indicative rates and recommendations.

Read the guide
139Input tax deduction, compliant receipts,

VAT Recovery in Switzerland: what businesses lose due to poor document management

How to recover VAT in Switzerland: input tax deduction, valid receipts per FTA requirements, common documentation errors, and optimization strategies for SMEs, CFOs, and accountants.

Read the guide
140Legal procedure, accounting treatment of

Voluntary liquidation of Sagl and SA: accounting guide from the corporate resolution to removal from the commercial register

From the corporate resolution to removal from the commercial register: legal stages, liquidation financial statements, accounting treatment, taxation, and checklist for Swiss SMEs.

Read the guide
141Practical guide to accounting for long-t

Work in progress for service companies: accounting for WIP without distorting margins

How to record work in progress in Swiss service companies without distorting margins. FER 22 criteria, journal entries, cut-off and reporting with Accountex.

Read the guide
142How to quantify staff costs, record liab

Workforce reduction in SMEs: termination costs, provisions, and impact on liquidity and the balance sheet

Practical guide for Swiss SMEs: calculating termination costs, accounting provisions, and the impact on liquidity and the balance sheet when reducing headcount.

Read the guide
143How to correctly document working time,

Mandatory working hours register: LTr compliance, digital tools, and the impact on personnel costs for Swiss SMEs

Recording obligations under the LTr and OLT 1, simplified recording, digital tools, and the impact on personnel costs for Swiss SMEs.

Read the guide
144How Swiss companies can redesign each fi

Zero-based budgeting for SMEs: start from zero every year without inflating fixed costs

Guide to zero-based budgeting for SMEs in Switzerland: method, benefits, practical steps, and how to avoid fixed-cost creep with Accountex.

Read the guide
ANNEX · D

Sole proprietorships

15
01Everything you need to know about mandat

AHV/IV/EO contributions for self-employed workers in Switzerland

How to calculate AHV/IV/EO social security contributions for self-employed workers in Switzerland. Rates, contribution scale, compensation fund registration and practical tips for freelancers and sole proprietors.

Read the guide
02Every year, thousands of Swiss self-empl

The 10 most costly accounting mistakes for self-employed workers

Discover the 10 accounting mistakes that cost self-employed workers in Switzerland thousands of francs: mixed accounts, VAT, missed deductions, AHV and archiving. With practical prevention strategies.

Read the guide
03Swiss Code of Obligations requirements,

Accounting guide for sole proprietorships in Switzerland

Complete accounting guide for Swiss sole proprietorships: CO obligations, simplified vs double-entry, invoicing, VAT, social security, year-end closing and digital software for freelancers.

Read the guide
04For a sole proprietorship, the Federal T

The 7 most common accounting errors that get sole proprietorships fined by the FTA

The 7 most common accounting mistakes that lead to FTA fines, interest and tax reassessments for Swiss sole proprietorships: VAT, invoices, receipts and archiving. Penalties and how to avoid them.

Read the guide
05Excel feels free, but it costs you time,

Goodbye Excel: 7 reasons why spreadsheets are no longer enough for your business

Why spreadsheets are no longer enough for your Swiss sole proprietorship's accounting. Hidden costs, error risks, CO/nFADP/Olc compliance gaps and how to migrate in one day.

Read the guide
06Employer OASI contributions, BVG, UVG, C

First employee: what changes in your sole proprietorship

What changes when you hire your first employee in a Swiss sole proprietorship: employer OASI, BVG, UVG, employment contract, withholding tax and automated payroll management.

Read the guide
07Every franc of unclaimed professional ex

How to give money to the state: deductible costs 90% of Swiss sole proprietorships forget to claim

Deductible costs 90% of sole proprietorships forget: home office, car km, software, training, professional liability, fiduciary fees. How much you save and how to document them.

Read the guide
08AVS contributions, voluntary 2nd pillar,

Pension and insurance for the self-employed: protecting your future without an employer

AVS contributions, voluntary BVG, pillar 3a, professional liability, daily sickness allowance and LAINF for self-employed workers and sole proprietors in Switzerland. Complete 2026 guide.

Read the guide
09Every hour spent on manual data entry, b

Reclaim 10 hours a week: automate your accounting as a sole proprietor

How Swiss freelancers and sole proprietors can save 10+ hours a week by automating bookkeeping, invoicing and VAT. Opportunity-cost calculator and practical automation solutions.

Read the guide
10Mixing personal and business finances is

Separating personal and business finances: the golden rule for the self-employed

How to properly separate personal and business finances in Switzerland. Business account setup, private withdrawals (Privatkonto), tax audit risks and automated bookkeeping for sole proprietors and freelancers.

Read the guide
11If your sole proprietorship generates le

Simplified accounting for sole proprietors: how to do it right and digitally

How to do simplified accounting (Einnahmen-Ausgaben-Rechnung) for sole proprietors and micro-businesses under CHF 500,000 revenue. Income-expense method, minimal chart of accounts, year-end closing, and digital tools.

Read the guide
12Specific forms, self-employment income c

Tax filing for the self-employed: from document chaos to one click

How to file your tax return as a self-employed person in Switzerland: specific forms, business income calculation, professional deductions, cantonal provisional payments and eTax integration. Practical guide for sole proprietors and freelancers.

Read the guide
13Signs it's time to convert, step-by-step

From sole proprietorship to GmbH: when and how to make the leap

Complete guide to converting from a sole proprietorship to a GmbH/Sagl in Switzerland: warning signs, legal procedure, tax implications, accounting continuity and data migration with AccountEX.

Read the guide
14CHF 100,000 threshold, exemption vs volu

VAT for sole proprietors: choose the right method and manage it stress-free

CHF 100,000 threshold, effective vs flat-rate method, quarterly cash-flow impact and VAT-compliant bookkeeping for sole proprietors, freelancers and micro-businesses in Switzerland. Practical guide 2026.

Read the guide
15Complete process to launch your business

Starting a sole proprietorship in Switzerland

How to start a sole proprietorship in Switzerland step by step. Requirements, commercial register, AHV/IV, VAT, accounting regime and comparison with GmbH and AG.

Read the guide
ANNEX · E

E-commerce & digital commerce

11
01Everything you need to sell online from

International sales from your Swiss e-commerce: shipping, duties and foreign VAT

Complete guide for Swiss SMEs selling online abroad: zero-rate VAT exports, international shipping, Incoterms DAP/DDP, customs duties, destination country VAT and returns management. Practical examples in CHF.

Read the guide
02Place of supply, the CHF 100,000 thresho

VAT on digital sales: rules for Swiss e-commerce and SaaS

VAT rules for digital sales in Switzerland: e-commerce, SaaS, digital platforms. Place of supply, CHF 100k threshold for foreign sellers, reverse charge, OSS/IOSS and LTVA-compliant invoicing.

Read the guide
03How to handle VAT in triangular transact

Dropshipping in Switzerland: VAT, customs and accounting without inventory

Complete guide to dropshipping in Switzerland: VAT treatment in triangular transactions, customs responsibility, inventory-free accounting, multi-currency supplier payments. For dropshippers, e-commerce and new entrepreneurs.

Read the guide
04VAT on discounts and coupons, payment ga

E-commerce accounting: from checkout to balance sheet without errors

How to manage e-commerce accounting in Switzerland: VAT on discounts and coupons, gateway commissions, multi-channel reconciliation, returns and refunds. Practical guide for online SMEs, CFOs and fiduciaries.

Read the guide
05E-dec customs declaration, import VAT ra

Importing goods for your GmbH: customs, VAT and accounting

Complete guide to importing goods into Switzerland for GmbH and SMEs: e-dec customs declaration, import VAT, Incoterms, duties, accounting entries and input tax recovery.

Read the guide
06CO-compliant valuation methods, cost of

Inventory management & COGS: stock accounting for Swiss SMEs

How to manage inventory and calculate cost of goods sold (COGS) in Switzerland: CO art. 960a valuation methods, physical stocktaking, write-downs and software integration. Practical guide for commercial SMEs, retail and e-commerce.

Read the guide
07VAT facilitator regime, commissions, set

Selling on Amazon, Galaxus & marketplaces: tax and accounting obligations

VAT obligations, commissions, settlement reports and accounting for sellers on Amazon, Galaxus and other marketplaces from Switzerland. Practical guide for online SMEs and startups.

Read the guide
08Fees, net payouts, chargebacks, currency

Stripe, PayPal & Twint: how to account for payment processors

How to correctly record fees, payouts and chargebacks from Stripe, PayPal, Twint and PostFinance in Swiss accounting. Multi-currency, VAT on fees, and practical reconciliation workflow.

Read the guide
09MRR, ARR, deferred revenue, revenue reco

SaaS & subscriptions: recurring revenue accounting and revenue recognition

How to account for recurring SaaS revenue in Switzerland: MRR, ARR, deferred revenue, revenue recognition under Swiss GAAP FER and CO, investor metrics. Practical guide for tech startups and digital platforms.

Read the guide
10Shopify Tax configuration, current rates

How to manage VAT when selling with Shopify in Switzerland

How to manage VAT on Shopify in Switzerland: tax setup, 8.1% / 2.6% / 3.8% rates, CHF 100,000 threshold, exports, EU sales, invoicing and FTA returns. Practical e-commerce guide.

Read the guide
11Legal structure, e-commerce platform, pa

Starting an online shop in Switzerland: from LLC to first order

Complete guide to launching an e-commerce business in Switzerland: legal structure (GmbH/Sàrl), platforms, Twint/Stripe payments, logistics, legal obligations and day-1 accounting with AccountEX.

Read the guide
ANNEX · G

Specific situations

06
01Everything Italian cross-border workers

Cross-border worker taxation: guide to the new Italy–Switzerland agreement

New Italy–Switzerland tax agreement from 2024: taxation, double taxation, filing obligations, fiscal rebate and practical cases for Italian cross-border workers and employers in the border area.

Read the guide
02Fiscal classification of digital assets,

Cryptocurrency taxation in Switzerland

How cryptocurrencies are taxed in Switzerland: fiscal classification, wealth tax, capital gains, mining, staking and cantonal practices. Updated guide for investors and traders.

Read the guide
03Tax domicile, first tax year, withholdin

Moving to Switzerland: the complete tax guide for expats

Everything an expat needs to know about Swiss taxation: tax residency, first tax year, withholding tax, ordinary assessment, double taxation treaties, and social security. Updated guide 2026.

Read the guide
04Swiss tax residence, income from platfor

Tax and accounting for digital nomads and creators with Swiss residence

Tax and accounting for digital nomads and creators with Swiss residence: YouTube, Patreon, freelance, VAT, DTAs, AVS, worldwide income declaration and software for content creators.

Read the guide
05Sole proprietorship status, recording se

Financial guide for independent physiotherapists and personal trainers

Accounting, taxes and social security for independent physiotherapists and personal trainers in Switzerland: sole proprietorship, session revenue, studio expenses, VAT, AVS, insurance and tax return.

Read the guide
06Self-employed status, recording platform

The accounting guide for Uber drivers and couriers in Switzerland

Accounting guide for Uber drivers, Bolt and couriers (Uber Eats, Just Eat, Deliveroo) in Switzerland: self-employed status, platform income, car expenses, VAT, AVS and tax return.

Read the guide
ANNEX · I

Fiduciary firms & partnerships

14
01AI is transforming accounting — but acco

How to integrate Artificial Intelligence into accounting without violating the Swiss nFADP

How to integrate AI into accounting without violating the Swiss nFADP. Data processing obligations, AI privacy risks, best practices and compliance checklist for fiduciary firms and SMEs.

Read the guide
02A semi-serious manual for entrepreneurs

How to make your fiduciary hate you (and pay double the bill)

A witty but useful guide: 14 behaviours that inflate fiduciary fees, strain the relationship and miss deadlines — plus what to do instead.

Read the guide
03Scanning standards, naming conventions,

Certified digital archiving for fiduciary firms: eliminate paper while staying compliant

How to implement a certified digital archiving system compliant with CO, Olc and nFADP. Scanning standards, naming conventions, archive structure, retention policies and audit access for Swiss fiduciary firms.

Read the guide
04Certified accountant, fiduciary expert,

How to choose a fiduciary in Switzerland: criteria, qualifications, and market rates

Selection criteria for a Swiss fiduciary: recognized qualifications (certified accountant, fiduciary expert, tax expert), market rates CHF 150-300/h, red flags to avoid, and questions to ask. Practical guide for SMEs and startups.

Read the guide
05Document checklist, mandate configuratio

Digital client onboarding: from 2 weeks to 24 hours to activate a new mandate

How to activate a new fiduciary mandate in 24 hours instead of 2 weeks. Document checklist, mandate configuration, history import, first accounting cycle and client communication.

Read the guide
06Native Swiss chart of accounts, multi-ma

Accounting software for Swiss fiduciaries: how to choose the right platform

How to choose the ideal accounting software for a Swiss fiduciary firm: KMU chart of accounts, multi-mandate management, automatic VAT, QR-invoice, CAMT/SIX bank integrations and cloud vs on-premise comparison.

Read the guide
07Client portals, document uploads, automa

Digital fiduciary-client collaboration: eliminate emails, binders and delays

How to eliminate emails, paper binders and delays in fiduciary-client communication. Client portals, document uploads, deadline notifications, real-time access to financial data.

Read the guide
08Many fiduciary firms in Switzerland laun

Fiduciary digitalisation: 5 technical mistakes that cost time and clients

The 5 most common technical mistakes Swiss fiduciary firms make during digital transformation: no strategy, wrong tools, no training, neglected security, and unmeasured ROI. Learn how to avoid them.

Read the guide
09Duty of care (CO 398), complicity in tax

Fiduciary liability: civil risks, criminal risks, and professional liability insurance

Civil liability (CO 398) and criminal liability of Swiss fiduciaries: negligence cases, professional liability insurance obligations, coverage limits, and risk mitigation best practices. Complete guide for fiduciary firms and professional practices.

Read the guide
10Outsourcing models, regulatory complianc

Fiduciary outsourcing in Switzerland: how to scale your firm without hiring new staff

Practical guide to outsourcing fiduciary services in Switzerland. Outsourcing models, nFADP compliance, economic benefits and criteria for choosing the right partner. For fiduciary firm owners.

Read the guide
11Revenue per employee, margin per service

KPIs for fiduciary firms: the 10 metrics that distinguish an efficient practice

The 10 key metrics (KPIs) that distinguish an efficient fiduciary firm: financial indicators, operational KPIs, Swiss benchmarks, and management dashboards. Practical guide for practice owners and managers.

Read the guide
12Turn your clients' accounting digitalisa

Revenue share for fiduciary firms: how to monetise your clients' digital transition

Learn how fiduciary firms can earn passive income through revenue sharing. Accounting software partnerships, monetising the digital transition of your clients.

Read the guide
13Total assets, revenue, headcount: three

Limited and ordinary statutory audit: obligations, thresholds, and procedures for Swiss companies

Thresholds for ordinary vs. limited audit (CO 727–727c), auditor requirements, opting-out for SMEs, timelines, and legal responsibilities. Complete guide for AG, GmbH, and fiduciary firms.

Read the guide
14Operational workflows, deadline automati

Multi-client management: how to handle 50+ clients without losing control

Operational strategies for Swiss fiduciary firms managing 50+ mandates: optimal workflows, deadline automation, control dashboards and structured delegation. Practical guide to scaling without chaos.

Read the guide
ANNEX · J

Tools & digitalisation

11
01How to plan the migration, export histor

Migrate from Banana, Excel or Abacus to cloud accounting software: a step-by-step guide

Step-by-step guide for migrating your accounting from Banana Contabilità, Excel, Abacus or Sage to a modern cloud solution. Data export, Swiss chart of accounts mapping, opening balances and team training.

Read the guide
02How to automate every step of the Swiss

Automated VAT return: zero errors and zero delays with the FTA

How to automate Swiss VAT return preparation and submission: rate assignment, calculation verification, XML eCH-0217 export for the FTA and deadline management. Practical guide for fiduciary firms, accountants and SMEs.

Read the guide
03How to export chart of accounts, balance

Migrating from Banana Accounting / Bexio to an AI Cloud System (without losing old data)

Guide to migrating from Banana Accounting and Bexio to Swiss AI cloud software: AC2/CSV/API export, balances, open items, document history and verification without losing accounting data.

Read the guide
04Three Swiss cloud solutions compared: on

Bexio vs Klara vs AccountEX: which software to choose based on turnover

Compare Bexio, Klara and AccountEX for Swiss SMEs: CHF 5.95/month, OCR/AI, VAT, free assisted migration and recommendations for turnover under 50k, 50–100k, 100–500k and over 500k CHF.

Read the guide
05Legal requirements, compliant electronic

Digital accounting: obligations and benefits in Switzerland

Legal requirements for digital accounting in Switzerland, compliant electronic archiving (nFADP/FADPO), benefits of AI and OCR automation. Practical guide for SMEs, fiduciaries and CFOs.

Read the guide
06Why spreadsheets are no longer enough, w

Switch from Excel to Swiss accounting software

How to migrate from Excel to Swiss accounting software: spreadsheet limits, CO/VAT/QR-invoice requirements, choosing a tool, data export and steps to get started with AccountEX without losing balances or documents.

Read the guide
07The complete operational workflow: from

How to process 500 invoices per month in half the time with OCR and automation

Operational guide for fiduciaries and accountants: complete OCR workflow, AI categorisation, human validation, automatic reconciliation. Save up to 50% of invoice processing time.

Read the guide
08Discover how the Swiss QR invoice standa

QR invoice and automatic tracking: the end of manual bank reconciliation

How the Swiss QR invoice eliminates manual bank reconciliation: automatic payment matching, end-to-end flow, CAMT.054 integration, and practical tips for SMEs and fiduciary firms.

Read the guide
09How to transform reporting from a period

Real-time dashboards and reports: the key to retaining fiduciary clients

How real-time dashboards and reporting transform the fiduciary-client relationship: retention, essential KPIs, dashboard types and presentation strategies. Practical guide for fiduciary firms and CFOs.

Read the guide
10nFADP obligations, legal comparison betw

Where is your data? Why the Swiss cloud is the only safe choice for your business

Why the Swiss cloud is the only safe choice for business data. Legal comparison CH vs EU vs USA, ISO 27001 and SOC 2 certifications, nFADP requirements and criteria for evaluating a cloud provider. Guide for SMEs, fiduciary firms and IT managers.

Read the guide
11Structure, legal requirements, creation

Swiss QR invoice: complete guide

Everything about the Swiss QR invoice (Swiss QR Code): structure, requirements since 2022, how to create one, integration with accounting software and benefits for SMEs and fiduciaries.

Read the guide
ANNEX · K

Cantonal guides

06
01Bern is Switzerland's second-largest can

Taxation in Canton Bern: rates, deductions and specificities of a bilingual canton

Complete guide to Bernese taxation: cantonal and municipal rates, specific deductions, DE/FR bilingual aspects, rural area advantages and Bernese Oberland particularities. For BE residents, entrepreneurs and families.

Read the guide
02Switzerland is a tax mosaic: between the

Cantonal tax comparison: where is it best to live and work in Switzerland?

Complete ranking of the tax burden across all 26 Swiss cantons for individuals and corporations. Simulations for different income and wealth profiles, wealth tax comparison, corporate taxation. For those considering relocation.

Read the guide
03Geneva is the Swiss canton with the most

Taxation in Canton Geneva: complete guide for residents, expats and international officials

Comprehensive guide to Geneva's tax system: income and wealth tax rates, bouclier fiscal (tax shield), inheritance taxes, international organizations regime. Everything a GE resident needs to know.

Read the guide
04Canton Ticino is Switzerland's only full

Taxation in Canton Ticino: rates, cross-border workers, and deductions for 2026

Complete guide to taxation in Canton Ticino: progressive rates, wealth tax, Italian cross-border worker tax regime, new resident incentives, Ticino-specific deductions, and filing deadlines.

Read the guide
05Canton Vaud is Switzerland's third-large

Taxation in Canton Vaud: rates, wealth tax, and deductions for 2026

Complete guide to taxation in Canton Vaud: progressive income tax rates, wealth tax specifics, Vaud-specific deductions, expat taxation in the Lake Geneva region, deadlines, and optimization strategies.

Read the guide
06Canton Zurich is Switzerland's economic

Taxation in Canton Zurich: rates, deductions, and deadlines for 2026

Complete guide to taxation in Canton Zurich: progressive income tax rates, wealth tax, Zurich-specific deductions, key deadlines, and tax optimization strategies for residents and businesses.

Read the guide